The ongoing tensions with China along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) have spurred unprecedented infrastructure development in the challenging terrains. Over the past five years, India has significantly improved connectivity to forward villages, reducing travel times and distances in strategically vital areas. This network of roads, bridges, tunnels, and airfields now serves as a deterrent to potential adversaries.
Substantial changes have occurred in the approach to border road connectivity over the last 12-14 years. Previously, the focus was on connecting population centers, but now, India is establishing multiple access routes, including a third connectivity route to Ladakh. This involves the Nimmu-Padam-Daracha axis, traversing the Shinkun La Pass, where a tunnel is under construction. This tunnel, inaugurated by the Prime Minister, will be among the world’s longest and highest altitude passes.
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has significantly accelerated the pace of road construction and other infrastructure developments. This is attributed to a holistic governmental approach towards border security, with increased budgetary support. The BRO’s budget has risen dramatically, enabling the construction of more roads, including those at high altitudes and in difficult terrains. The construction season is limited to six months a year. The goal is to continue expanding the infrastructure to the border.
Efforts are also focused on establishing lateral connections, such as the CDDF road and the DSDDBO road to enhance strategic flexibility. Construction activities on the LAC sometimes draw objections from China, but the strategic importance of these developments outweighs concerns. The BRO is also constructing high-altitude roads, bridges, and tunnels to improve connectivity. The Atal Tunnel, the Sela Tunnel, and the Shinkun La Tunnel are critical projects. These projects provide all-weather connectivity and are a strategic advantage. The rapid development of infrastructure on the borders, including the Mudh Niyoma airbase, is a significant achievement. The BRO is also using advanced technology, including Make in India equipment and research and development, to develop materials suitable for extreme climates. The government views the border road project as a force multiplier. The BRO works with the Indian Army to ensure the construction and development of infrastructure on the border is seamless.
The improved infrastructure is transforming border villages, fostering economic growth and development. The construction of roads has led to economic activities, transforming the border regions, and providing economic opportunities. The BRO has a unique structure, bringing together military discipline and civilian expertise to construct roads, bridges, and airfields. The organization’s strength lies in its in-house capabilities and dedicated personnel. The BRO also employs temporary wage workers from border states who make significant contributions.